abstract：:The impact of the heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) on the natural history of otitis media (OM) has been studied recently. In a high-risk population, PCV7 significantly reduced the risk of recurrent, bilateral or multiple tympanic membrane perforation, as well as the risk of chronic suppurative OM at 9...

journal_title：Expert review of vaccines

authors： Nascimento-Carvalho CM

更新日期：2009-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Invasive meningococcal disease is a global public-health concern, with infants and adolescents bearing the majority of the disease burden. Vaccination is the most rational strategy to prevent meningococcal disease. Control of serogroup C disease has largely been achieved by the introduction of glycoconjugate meningoco...

journal_title：Expert review of vaccines

authors： Pace D

更新日期：2009-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recombinant modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) is attractive and promising as a novel viral vector for the expression of foreign genes of interest because it possesses unique properties. In particular, its excellent safety profile and the availability of versatile vector technologies have frequently made MVA the vac...

journal_title：Expert review of vaccines

authors： Rimmelzwaan GF,Sutter G

更新日期：2009-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis continues to cause considerable economic losses in ovine and caprine herds worldwide, causing caseous lymphadenitis. Nevertheless, the immunology of this disease is relatively unknown. Novel antigens may provide vaccines that are more effective and improve diagnostic methods for bett...

journal_title：Expert review of vaccines

authors： Dorella FA,Pacheco LG,Seyffert N,Portela RW,Meyer R,Miyoshi A,Azevedo V

更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Tumor vaccine has been studied extensively as an alternative or adjuvant therapy in the treatment of malignant tumors in the hope of prolonging the overall survival rates of cancer patients. The efficacy largely relies on the specificity of the target. In the last decade, many antibody epitopes, called mimotopes, have...

journal_title：Expert review of vaccines

authors： Zhao L,Liu Z,Fan D

更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pneumococcal disease is a major health problem worldwide. Large, rapid declines in overall invasive pneumococcal disease and mucosal disease in children, reductions in vaccine-type disease in unvaccinated children and adults (indirect effects) and significant drops in antibiotic-resistant infections were observed afte...

journal_title：Expert review of vaccines

authors： Dinleyici EC,Yargic ZA

更新日期：2008-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Dendritic cells (DCs) regulate mucosal T-cell immunity and encounter several distinct bacteria of the gut flora, including lactobacilli. Gram-positive lactobacilli have been suggested to play an important role in exerting adjuvanticity effects on innate immune cells at mucosal sites. AIMS & METHODS:In the p...

journal_title：Expert review of vaccines

authors： Mohamadzadeh M,Klaenhammer TR

更新日期：2008-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) have been formulated into vaccines that, combined with adjuvants, cytokines or other strategies to boost the immune response, are now in clinical development. Both humoral and cellular immune responses to TAAs have been generated using these vaccines. This approach relies on the patien...

journal_title：Expert review of vaccines

authors： Acres B,Bonnefoy JY

更新日期：2008-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) are a class of pathogen-recognition receptors that are actively investigated in the field of vaccine delivery. Many of their properties have functions linked to the immune system. These receptors are expressed abundantly on antigen-presenting cells and are considered to be the sentinels ...

journal_title：Expert review of vaccines

authors： Tang CK,Sheng KC,Apostolopoulos V,Pietersz GA

更新日期：2008-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The 11th Annual Conference on Vaccine Research, hosted by the National Foundation for Infectious Disease, attracted approximately 450 leaders in the fields of epidemiology, health economics, immunology and vaccinology, making it the largest scientific meeting devoted exclusively to vaccine research and technology. The...

journal_title：Expert review of vaccines

authors： O'Brien J

更新日期：2008-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Leishmania donovani glycoprotein fraction, known as FML, successfully underwent preclinical and clinical (Phase I-III) vaccine trials against canine visceral leishmaniasis (92-95% of protection and 76-80% of vaccine efficacy) when formulated with a QS21 saponin-containing adjuvant. It became the licensed Leishmune...

journal_title：Expert review of vaccines

authors： Palatnik-de-Sousa CB,Barbosa Ade F,Oliveira SM,Nico D,Bernardo RR,Santos WR,Rodrigues MM,Soares I,Borja-Cabrera GP

更新日期：2008-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The WHO has recently issued updated recommendations for the programmatic use of new-generation typhoid vaccines in high-risk areas of countries where typhoid fever is still endemic. Countries have subsequently been instructed to discuss how these recommendations can be implemented and to develop plans for targeted typ...

journal_title：Expert review of vaccines

authors： DeRoeck D,Ochiai RL,Yang J,Anh DD,Alag V,Clemens JD

更新日期：2008-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Immunocompromised hosts are growing in number and include transplant recipients of solid organs or hematopoietic stem cells, people who have HIV, cancer patients on chemotherapy, patients on immunomodulatory treatments for rheumatologic, gastrointestinal or other conditions, as well as those with other immunocompromis...

journal_title：Expert review of vaccines

authors： Kotton CN

更新日期：2008-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Humanitarian aid workers regularly encounter the challenge of setting up functioning surveillance systems immediately after a disaster. Detecting potential outbreaks of diseases, such as cholera, that might arise from disturbed living conditions, displacement and lack of clean water and sanitation is, therefore, extre...

journal_title：Expert review of vaccines

authors： Chaignat CL,Monti V,Soepardi J,Petersen G,Sorensen E,Narain J,Kieny MP

更新日期：2008-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recombinant, nonreplicating, human adenovirus serotype 5-vectored vaccine, known as MRKAd5, expressing three HIV-1 clade B-derived internal proteins when used in a homologous immunization regimen, did not decrease HIV-1 infection rate nor postinfection virus load in the first Phase IIb proof-of-concept trial. However,...

journal_title：Expert review of vaccines

authors： Hanke T

更新日期：2008-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Inhalation of Yersinia pestis bacilli causes pneumonic plague, a rapidly progressing and exceptionally virulent disease. Extensively antibiotic-resistant Y. pestis strains exist and we currently lack a safe and effective pneumonic plague vaccine. These facts raise concern that Y. pestis may be exploited as a bioweapon...

journal_title：Expert review of vaccines

authors： Smiley ST

更新日期：2008-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Keystone Symposia conference, Challenges of Global Vaccine Development, attracted approximately 440 scientists, physicians and students from all around the world. The conference goal was to share newly acquired knowledge regarding vaccine-induced immunity, novel technologies, childhood vaccines, preclinical models...

journal_title：Expert review of vaccines

authors： Gudmundsdotter L,Hallengärd D

更新日期：2008-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Vaccine distribution and delivery has become an issue of significant interest, given the threat of a pandemic influenza outbreak and the resulting need for coordinated efforts to distribute and deliver pandemic influenza vaccines into the hands of healthcare workers responsible for administering them. This review prov...

journal_title：Expert review of vaccines

authors： Jacobson SH,Sewell EC,Jokela JA

更新日期：2007-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Aluminum-containing adjuvants are an important component of many vaccines because they safely potentiate the immune response. The structure and properties of aluminum hydroxide adjuvant, aluminum phosphate adjuvant and alum-precipitated adjuvants are presented in this review. The major antigen adsorption mechanisms, e...

journal_title：Expert review of vaccines

authors： Hem SL,Hogenesch H

更新日期：2007-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The skin is an attractive target for vaccine delivery. Adjuvants and antigens delivered into the skin can result in potent immune responses and an unmatched safety profile. The heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) from Escherichia coli, which acts both as antigen and adjuvant, has been shown to be delivered to human skin effi...

journal_title：Expert review of vaccines

authors： Glenn GM,Flyer DC,Ellingsworth LR,Frech SA,Frerichs DM,Seid RC,Yu J

更新日期：2007-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:While vaccination continues to be the most successful interventionist health policy to date, infectious disease remains a significant cause of death worldwide. A primary reason that vaccination is not able to generate effective immunity is a lack of appropriate adjuvants capable of initiating the desired immune respon...

journal_title：Expert review of vaccines

authors： Fraser CK,Diener KR,Brown MP,Hayball JD

更新日期：2007-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recombinant adenovirus vaccines show great promise for generating protective immunity against infectious agents and tumors. Our studies have identified several interesting biological features of the adenovirus vector that influence the T-cell response. Notably, we have demonstrated that following immunization with ade...

journal_title：Expert review of vaccines

authors： Yang TC,Millar JB,Grinshtein N,Bassett J,Finn J,Bramson JL

更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:More focused research on a mucosal HIV-1 vaccine is needed urgently. An increasing amount of collected data, using heterologous multimodality prime-booster strategies, suggest that an efficient and protective HIV-1 vaccine must generate broad, long-lasting HIV-specific CD8(+) cytotoxic T-lymphocyte and neutralizing an...

journal_title：Expert review of vaccines

authors： Hinkula J

更新日期：2007-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Bovine spongiform encephalopathy in cattle is highly suspected to be orally transmitted to humans through contaminated food, causing new variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. However, no prophylactic procedures against these diseases, such as vaccines, in particular those stimulating mucosal protective immunity, have bee...

journal_title：Expert review of vaccines

authors： Sakaguchi S,Arakawa T

更新日期：2007-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The need for an affordable, safe and effective HIV vaccine has never been greater. As the immunogenicity of all the vaccine vectors being evaluated currently in human populations is limited, novel vaccine strategies are needed to stimulate the innate immune system, to generate high levels of neutralizing antibodies an...

journal_title：Expert review of vaccines

authors： Joseph J,Saubi N,Pezzat E,Gatell JM

更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Several live-attenuated Shigella vaccines, with well-defined mutations in specific genes, have shown great promise in eliciting significant immune responses when given orally to volunteers. These responses have been measured by evaluating antibody-secreting cells, serum antibody levels and fecal immunoglobulin A to ba...

journal_title：Expert review of vaccines

authors： Venkatesan MM,Ranallo RT

更新日期：2006-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Extensive efforts aimed at stimulating immune responses by modifying HIV antigens and using various delivery systems and adjuvants have so far failed to generate promising HIV vaccines, highlighting the urgent need to explore alternative immunization approaches. Antigen-presenting cells, such as dendritic cells, play ...

journal_title：Expert review of vaccines

authors： Song XT,Aldrich M,Chen SY

更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) containing unmethylated CpG motifs act as immune adjuvants, improving the immune response elicited by coadministered vaccines. Combining CpG ODN with anthrax vaccine adsorbed (AVA), the licensed human vaccine, can increase the speed, magnitude and avidity of the resultant anti-ant...

journal_title：Expert review of vaccines

authors： Klinman DM

更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related death among men in the USA. Vaccine strategies represent a novel therapeutic approach. One potential target for a prostate cancer vaccine is prostate-specific antigen, owing to its restricted expression in prostate cancer and normal prostatic epithelial cel...

journal_title：Expert review of vaccines

authors： Madan RA,Gulley JL,Arlen PM

更新日期：2006-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:With approximately 2.4 billion people at risk, Plasmodium falciparum malaria infection caused by an infectious bite of an Anopheles mosquito continues to be a major cause of mortality and morbidity, mainly in the tropics and subtropics. Measures to control the mosquito vector on a broad scale are expensive and need to...

journal_title：Expert review of vaccines

authors： Walther M

更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An urgent need exists for vaccines to prevent infections caused by nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis. These bacteria cause otitis media in children, a clinical problem associated with enormous morbidity and cost. H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis also cause lower respiratory tract infections ...

journal_title：Expert review of vaccines

authors： Murphy TF

更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Plant viruses are emerging as an attractive alternative to stable genetic transformation for the expression of foreign proteins in plants. The main advantages of using this strategy are that viral genomes are small and easy to manipulate, infection of plants with modified viruses is simpler and quicker than the regene...

journal_title：Expert review of vaccines

authors： Cañizares MC,Lomonossoff GP,Nicholson L

更新日期：2005-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Several new lyssaviruses have emerged in the past decade and it is likely that more remain to be discovered. There are six recognized genotypes of lyssavirus other than the rabies virus (genotype 1). All but one of these has been associated with human cases, with the resulting disease clinically similar to rabies. Rab...

journal_title：Expert review of vaccines

authors： Nel LH

更新日期：2005-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Neisseria lactamica is a commensal organism that is closely related to Neisseria meningitidis, the causative agent of meningococcal disease. N. lactamica has many antigens in common with N. meningitidis, but it lacks a polysaccharide capsule and the serosubtyping antigen PorA. Carriage studies have demonstrated that N...

journal_title：Expert review of vaccines

authors： Gorringe AR

更新日期：2005-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This review describes several enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) techniques proposed to replace the neutralization test for detecting neutralization-relevant antibodies to polioviruses in recipients of inactivated poliovirus vaccine and oral poliovirus vaccine, and for seroepidemiologic studies. Comparisons of ...

journal_title：Expert review of vaccines

authors： Ivanov AP,Dragunsky EM

更新日期：2005-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Incredibly, vaccines currently capture only about 2% of the world's pharmaceutical market, despite the fact that they can be credited with saving more lives and preventing more suffering and disability than any other form of medical activity, with the possible exception of the provision of clean water. ...

journal_title：Expert review of vaccines

authors： Andre FE

更新日期：2005-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The concept of cancer vaccines is as a therapeutic strategy to immunize the body against cancer antigens that may not be presented by the cancer itself, due to the marked immunosuppressive effects of the disease, which has been demonstrated in many different tumors. ...

journal_title：Expert review of vaccines

authors： Dalgleish AG

更新日期：2004-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In recent years, considerable data has been provided to support the role of the immune system in atherosclerosis. These reports came from studies involving knockout murine models of atherosclerosis and human subjects. The notion that inflammatory mechanisms are operable in atherogenesis has fueled a series of studies ...

journal_title：Expert review of vaccines

authors： Harats D,George J

更新日期：2004-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A key challenge to HIV vaccine development is the integration of HIV proviral DNA into the host genome upon infection. Therefore, an optimal vaccine should block infection within hours of viral exposure, providing 'sterilizing immunity' at mucosal sites and in blood via potent, broadly reactive antibody to the HIV env...

journal_title：Expert review of vaccines

authors： Malkevitch NV,Robert-Guroff M

更新日期：2004-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This section deals with how new knowledge of the development of cellular immunity in the neonatal period informs vaccine development and reviews the immune responses of the most vulnerable group of newborns, those born prematurely, to vaccines. It describes how the development of future vaccine strategies relies on a ...

journal_title：Expert review of vaccines

authors： Prescott S

更新日期：2004-08-01 00:00:00